Yes, using dog flea shampoo will not hurt you, although the chemicals in it can be harsh to your skin and hair. They are designed to work on the thicker oils and dirt present in dog hair rather than human hair.
The worst that could befall you is in allergic reaction resulting in a rash on your skin, or an adverse affect on your hair such as it becoming dried out, etc.
There is really no reason for you to use the dog flea shampoo on your own hair, however, because taking a bath or shower in hot water is usually sufficient enough to get fleas off of your body.
Using a shampoo designed for humans is also good enough to kill any fleas or flea eggs which may be present or hiding in your hair.
I recommend you save the dog flea shampoo for your canine, and combine that with a topical flea medication such as Advantage in order to control your flea infestation.